Nuclear effects in photoproduction and leptoproduction where are they? Are they Negligible?

Unicolonial ants: where do they come from, what are they and where are they going?

Unicolonial ant populations are the most extensive cooperative units known in nature, forming networks of interconnected nests extending sometimes hundreds of kilometers. Within such a supercolony, worker altruistic behavior might be maladaptive, because it seems to aid random members of the population instead of relatives. However, recent genetic and behavioral data show that, viewed on a suff...

Gigantic clusters: where are they and what are they doing

C lusters are like skyscrapers—mammoth structures towering above their smaller counterparts—except that skyscrapers have longer lives. The race to build ever bigger clusters is on, largely driven by emerging scientific and engineering applications. Several research efforts are underway at various universities and US research laboratories. In this article, I examine some of the largest clusters ...

Where are they looking?

Humans have the remarkable ability to follow the gaze of other people to identify what they are looking at. Following eye gaze, or gaze-following, is an important ability that allows us to understand what other people are thinking, the actions they are performing, and even predict what they might do next. Despite the importance of this topic, this problem has only been studied in limited scenar...

Accountable Care Organizations: What are they? Where are they coming from? Where will they lead?

Bacterial EPIYA effectors – Where do they come from? What are they? Where are they going?

Recent studies have revealed a distinct class of bacterial effectors defined by the presence of EPIYA or EPIYA-related motif. These bacterial EPIYA effectors are delivered into host cells via type III or IV secretion, where they undergo tyrosine phosphorylation at the EPIYA motif and thereby manipulate host signalling by promiscuously interacting with multiple SH2 domain-containing proteins. Up...